The word “Feminist” is badly misunderstood by Generation Z. Literally, feminism refers to individuals who raised their voices against the threats and conservativeness of society. In India, this term has unfortunately become a catalyst for clashes between genders. The issue of Men versus Women was never a matter of concern in the history of our nation. Even the term “Masculist” is now being negatively influenced by toxic individuals, both men and women. Despite these conflicts, the primary purpose of this article is to inform my readers about the true definition of feminism, exemplified by the struggles of a great woman who dedicated her life to challenging the conservative mindset of society at a time when women were not even allowed to go out and perform many jobs that women can today. Let me introduce you to the influential tale of Maa Savitribai Jyotirao Phule.
Maa Savitribai Jyotirao Phule: Savitribai Phule was among the earliest female educators in India, a transformative social reformer, and a poet. She, along with her spouse, Jyotiba Phule, in Maharashtra, played a crucial role in advancing women’s rights in the country. She is hailed as a trailblazer in the Indian feminist movement. Her efforts focused on eradicating caste and gender-based discrimination and injustices. Together with her husband, she led the charge in promoting women’s education in India. They opened their first girls’ school in 1848 in Pune, within the premises of Tatyasaheb Bhide, known as Bhidewada. Born on January 3, 1831, in Naigaon, within the Satara District of Maharashtra, Savitribai Phule’s birthplace is approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) away from Shirval and around 50 km (31 mi) from Pune. The youngest child of Lakshmi and Khandoji Patil, her family was part of the Mali community. Savitribai was one of four siblings. She married Jyotirao Phule when she was about 9 or 10 years old, while he was 13. Together, they founded an orphanage in Pune, offering shelter and education to children without parents, without discriminating by caste or social background. The Phules actively participated in various reform movements, notably opposing the practice of Sati (the immolation of widows on their husbands’ funeral pyres). Savitribai stood firmly against the shaving of widows’ heads and spearheaded a campaign against the barbers who performed this ritual. Throughout their lives, the couple fought against social injustices such as untouchability, Sati, child marriage, and discrimination within the educational system. Defying societal norms, Savitribai conducted the last rites of Jyotiba Phule when he died in 1890, an act traditionally reserved for men. After Jyotiba’s demise, Savitribai continued her role as a social reformer. On March 10, 1897, while caring for plague victims, she contracted the disease herself and passed away. Nevertheless, her legacy and revolutionary ideas live on, immortalized by her contributions. Savitribai famously stated that women are not destined solely for household and agricultural labor; they are capable of accomplishing tasks surpassing those done by men. Her life remains a source of inspiration for women to this day.
Struggle of Savitribai Phule and Fatima Sheikh: Both women and men play pivotal roles in the development and progress of society. While men’s contributions are frequently highlighted, the efforts of women, especially in social reform, are often underemphasized. More than two centuries ago, Savitribai Phule and Fatima Sheikh emerged as pioneering figures in the realm of education for women and Dalits, marking them as revolutionary women of their era. They collaborated in the pursuit of education and societal transformation. While Savitribai Phule’s endeavors are well recognized, less is known about Fatima Sheikh. Through Savitribai’s correspondence, insights into Fatima Sheikh’s life and contributions are revealed. Born on January 9, 1831, into a modest Muslim family, Fatima Sheikh became the first educated woman in her community during that period. Residing in Pune with her elder brother Usman Sheikh, who was a lifelong friend of Jyotirao Phule and shared his progressive views, Fatima received support to pursue her education. Encouraged by Savitribai’s example, Fatima Sheikh bravely stepped forward. Her collaboration with Savitribai not only strengthened Savitribai’s resolve but also infused new energy into the girls’ school they were involved with.
In conclusion, I want to address the nation and especially the youth, regardless of their gender or caste. Our ancestors struggled and sacrificed their lives to raise our generation to a higher standard of living. We should honor them by understanding the importance of their struggle, participating in their ideologies, and working hard in our lives. Jai Hind! Hail to Maa Savitribai Phule and Fatima Sheikh Ji!